6A+-+Cartier

=JACQUES CARTIER= =__ Introduction __= = Born in 1491 in Saint-Malo, France. His father was a fisherman. Cartier learned to fish and sail by going on fishing trips. At the age of 30 Cartier became the captain of the fishing boat. He died in 1557 at the age of 66 due to a plague in SAint-Malo. = =__ Purpose __= = In his first voyage he was sent to find silver and gold. On his second voyage, he was ordered to return to North America to keep looking for precious stones and to return the Natives he took back. On his last voyage, Francis 1st to make a permanent settlement in Canada. = =__ Route __= = Cartier had 3 voyages. On his 1st he sailed with 2 ships and 60 men. He dicovered and claimed Newfoundland for France, however Newfoundland offered few oppurtunities for settlement. He also took two of the Iroquion cheif's sons. On his second voyage in May 1535 he sailed with a hundred men and three ships. On august 10th he reached the Northern coast of the Gaspe Peninsula and entered a nearby bay he called the St.Lawrence bay. Cartier kidnapped the same two sons, their father the Iroquion chief Donnacnona, four other children, and three natives. On his third and final voyage in 1541, he sailed with five ships and 1500 men. Cartier met the new chief Agona, then told the natives that Chief Donnacnona died of disease and the others wished to stay in France. However all but one child died. This ended all frendship with the Natives. The Natives became extremly hostile and even attacked the the Fench settlement, Charlesbourg-Royal. In spring of 1542, Cartier abandoned Caharlesbourg-Royal and returned to France with what he belived to be gold and diamonds. It was later found out that the gold was iron-pyrite, and the diamonds to be quartz. = =__ Hardships and Challenges __= = Cartier had many hardship, but the more troubling ones was rapids preventing him from sailing to The Pacific. In the winter of 1535 scurvybroke out, killing many Frenchmen. After Cartier forcibly captured Chief Donnacona, and returned years later telling him that he died of disease, all frendship with the Natives and the French ceased. The natives then had many raids, telling the French that the were no longer wanted there. = =__ Interesting Facts __= = The Grande Hermine was the name of Cartier's ship. Jacque Cartier lived in Diepe, the home of Giovanni de Verrazzano. On Cartier's third voyage he met up with De Robertval, who's task as the captain was to deliever supplies to the settlement in Newfoundland. When the Natives attacked the settlement, Cartier left and eventually came across Captain De Robertval who ordered him to return to the settlement. However, fearful of another native attack Cartier chose to disobey the orders. De Robertval arrived in Newfoundland and after the loss of 60 men, De Robertval abandoned the settlement. = = __Historical Contributions__ = = In spite of the failures of all three of Cartiers voyages, he made many contributions to Canada's history. Cartier established the first french settlement. He named the St.Lawrence River and was the first to explore it. He inspired many scholars to follow his footsteps and produced an intelligent estimate of the resources in Canada. =

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__Sources:__
=Trottier Maxine, __Canadian explorer__, Toronto: Tony Meers, 2005.= =Exploration of North America, R enny Craats, USA, Weigl Publishers, 2005 www3.symatico.ca/government/Canada/2200cartier.htm= =www. wikipedia.org/wiki/jaques cartier= =www. thecanadianencyclopedia.com=