deChamplain

=Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) =        **

__Introduction:__ ** Samuel de Champlain was a French navigator, explorer, and map maker who was the first European to build a successful settlement in Canada.  He was known as the father of New France, and he was the first person to accurately map Canada. 



__Background:__ //** Champlain was born in Brouage, a small French seaport on the bay of Biscay in 1567. He was the son of Margueritte Le Roy and Anthoine de Complain. He was also a cartographer, explorer, and governor of New France. He died on Dec.25 in 1635. His father was a sea captain and his grandfather was a fisherman. Champlain served in the army and married Helene Boulle. He went to sea with his uncle and enjoyed navigation from a young age. = = =__ Purpose:__ = In 1608, Champlain led 32 colonists to settle in Quebec in order to establish it as a fur-trading center. Only nine colonists survived the first bitter winter in Quebec, but more settlers arrived the following summer.

__**//Route of expedition://**__  Champlain sailed across the Atlantic Ocean, up the St.Lawrence River, and explored the coast of New England. He traveled to Acadia. He returned to Canada in 1604 on Pierre de Mont's expedition. In 1604-1607, Champlain sailed around and charted most of the coast of Nova Scotia and down the coast to Cape Cod and Martha's Vineyard, and later to Rhode Island. After a short time in France, Champlain returned to Canada and helped found a colony in Port Royal, Nova Scotia. He also sailed the waters on one of his uncle's ships, the St. Julien, where they went toward the West Indies stopping in Guadeloupe, Vera Cruz, Puerto Rico, and Mexico. http://www.jehrlichmarineart.com/jackson/paintings/IMG_0567.jpg  __**//Historical Contributions://**__ Champlain named "Lake Champlain", on the border of northern New York state and Vermont in 1609. In 1608 Champlain, the father of New France, founded Quebec. He kept the struggling community alive during Quebec's early years and was important in building and administering the French colonies in the New World.Champlain was also the first European to reach the Great Lakes. 

<span style="COLOR: rgb(224,21,87)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(224,21,87)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(84,227,207)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(130,32,217)">__**//Other Notable Occurences://**__ Champlain landed in Vera Cruz. King Henry the fourth made him royal geographer. Champlain made an established settlement in Quebec and also commanded a two-year voyage to the West Indies and Mexico in 1600. In 1609 Champlain led the Hurons to New York to fight the Iroquois. Champlain led a war party of Hurons, Montagnais, and Algonquin to Lake Champlain to raid the Mohawk. He presented a map of the St. Lawrence River to the King. He returned to France in 1603, and decided to search for the Northwest Passage and to settle the Gaspe Peninsula.

<span style="COLOR: rgb(53,192,84)">**//<span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,253)">__Hardships Faced:__ //** He was paralyzed in the fall season of 1635. Samuel de Champlain and his men suffered from scurvy and almost starved to death during the winter in the settlement of Quebec. In 1604, he spent the first winter on Sainte-Croix Island where 35 of the 79 with him men died of scurvy in the Bay of Fundy region. Champlain had to find other trading routes because of fear that they would be raided by their enemies, the Iroquois.Champlain headed the Quebec settlement for years, until the English attacked and took the Fort at Quebec in July,1629. Champlain was then taken to England as a prisoner until 1632. Champlain again returned to France. After a French-British peace treaty in 1632, Quebec was again French, and Champlain returned as its governor(1633).He died from a stroke on Dec. 25, 1635.

//**<span style="COLOR: rgb(85,24,129)">__Sources for Pictures and References:__ **// http://elibrary.bigchalk.com/libweb/curriculumca/do/document?set=topic&groupid=1&requestid=conquesttopic&resultid=1&ts=92AEC0F9C06D43981BD7D20208473DF8_1207157816394&urn=urn%3Abigchalk%3AUS%3BBCLib%3Bdocument%3B120308260 Trottier, Maxine. __Canadian Explorers__. Markham: Scholastic Canada Ltd., 2005

Arnold, Phyllis Gibbs,Betty. __Canada Revisited__. Edmonton: Arnold Publishing Ltd. 1999

Hudak, Heather C. __Samuel de Champlain__. Calgary: Weigl Educational Publishers Limited, 2005.