Cartier

These maps are of Cartier's voyages. media type="custom" key="684719"


 * __Introduction:__**

Jacques Cartier (1491-1557) was a French navigator and explorer born in St. Malo, France. He was called the son of France. He was the first who mapped the Gulf of St. Lawernce and the shores of the St. Lawrence. In Saint-Malo, the port on the extreme north-east coast of the duchy of Brittany, would later be incorporated in France (in 1532). Cartier, who was a respectable mariner, improved his social status in 1520 by marrying Mary Catherine des Granches, a member of a leading family. His good name in Saint-Malo is recognized by its frequent appearance on baptismal registers as godfather or witness. __**Background:**__

Jacques Cartier was a mariner and French explorer. Jacques Cartier died on September 1,1557 as an advisor on navigation. He was born in St.Malo,France,December 31,1497. __**Purpose:**__

Jacques Cartier wanted to reach the spice islands and Asia. He was commisioned by king Francois 1 to travel through "The Sea of Asia," and discover Asia's riches of gold and other precious things and a passage that would lead to Asia. Jacques Cartier had 5 voyages. His first expedition to try to find a sea passage to Asia began in 1534. He crossed the stormy Atlantic Ocean and landed on the east coastlines of Newfoundland and came upon Prince Edward Island on his first voyage. __**Route of Expedition:**__ Cartier sailed up a waterway as far as the village of Stadacona (now Quebec City), where Donnacona lived.In early October, Cartier visited the Iroquois village of Hochelaga (Montreal), which was fortified. There he learned that rapids blocked navigation of the river to the west.Cartier went up the river and then had to stop becuase of the Lachine Rapids In 1534, his first expedition.On his first voyage he crossed the stormy Atlantic Ocean and landed on the coastlines of Newfoundland and came upon Prince Edward Island.He later reached the continental coast, followed it northward and entered the Chaleur Bay, where he traded with the MICMAC.

[|Canada: A People's History - **Jacques** **Cartier**]



Cartier found quartz but thought they were diamonds. 25 out of his 110 men died from the disease of scurvy.The colony was a failure, and for the time being, France all lost interest in Canada.He went up the river until he had to stop because of the lachine rapids.
 * __Hardships faced:__**

He probably accompanied Giovanni da Verrazano. Cartier retired to St-Malo, where he served as an adviser on navigation and also did a lot of fishing.In 1541 he took colonists in five ships to Cap Rouge, near Quebec.He returned to France in 1542. Jacques Cartier captured 8 Aboriginals and 4 Aboriginal kids including Donnacona's two sons, Domagaya and Taignoagny. In France, Domagaya and Taignoagny learned enough french in a short amount of time to enable to act as translators and interpreters. Since Donnacona's 2 sons knew french, they helped Jacques Cartier by directing him to the St. Lawrence River. As a promise Cartier returned them back to their village since they helped on his voyage the St. Lawrence River. The Iroquois gave Jacques Cartier and his crew some tea made out of white ceedar needles to help them with scurvy. __**Historical Contributions**__
 * __Other notable occurances__**

He is usually credited with discovering Canada, meaning the small region of Québec of wich he named Canada during his 1535 voyage.He took his smallest ship and two boats up the river to where it widens into Lake St. Peter.Instead Cartier found the St. Lawrence and opened Canada to European Settlement.


 * __Bibliography__**

Hudak,C. Heather,__Jacques Cartier__. Calgary:Weigl,2005.

Jacques Cartier. Compton's by Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica. 2005. eLibrary. Proquest CSA. BAYVIEW GLEN SCHOOL. 03 Apr 2008. <[|http://elibrary.bigchalk.com/curriculumca>.]"Cartier, Jacques."

15 Jun 1989. Ottawa Researchers. eLibrary. Proquest CSA. BAYVIEW GLEN SCHOOL. 08 Apr 2008. http://elibrary.bigchalk.com/curriculumca., Greene, Meg.Jaques Cartier: Navigating the St.Lawrence River. NewYork History, 2004.

Harmon, Daniel. __Jacques Cartier: and the exploration of Canada.__ Stockton, N.J: Chelsea house Publishlishers, 2001

[|http://www.dkimages.com/

Cartier, Jacques. Junior Canadian Encyclopedia (2002). Historic Foundation of Canada. 2002. eLibrary. Proquest CSA. BAYVIEW GLEN SCHOOL. 07 Apr 2008. <[|http://elibrary.bigchalk.com/curriculumca>. Jacques Cartier. Compton's by Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica. 2005. eLibrary. Proquest CSA. BAYVIEW GLEN SCHOOL. 07 Apr 2008. <[|http://elibrary.bigchalk.com/curriculumca>. Arnold, Gibbs. Canada revisited: Aborignal peoples & European Explorers. Scarborough, Ontario: ARNOLD publishing LTD, 1999 media type="surveygizmo" key="47P3PP2DS20JV92O2L6TKQ3T6PD7VO-43678" width="700" height="500"